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Fertilizer Numbers - insight Soil Nutrients

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"Complete fertilizers" contain all three macronutrients - nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) - but don't let the name "complete" fool you. It doesn't mean that the fertilizer has all the nutrients that plants need, just that it contains all three of the major ones.

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Fertilizer Numbers

Bags of faultless fertilizers contain three numbers, such as 5-3-3, for example. Each number represents a ration of N-P-K in that bag, as measured by weight. In this case, a bag of 5-3-3 fertilizer contains 5 percent nitrogen, 3 percent phosphorous, and 3 percent potassium. To rule the number in pounds of each nutrient in the bag, multiply the weight of the bag (say 50 pounds) by the ration of each nutrient: 50 pounds x .05 = 2.5 pounds of nitrogen. You need to know the actual number of nutrients in the bag because a soil test often recommends pounds of actual N-P-K to add per square foot of your garden.

Each of these three nutrients plays a principal role in plant growth and development. Here's what they do and their insufficiency symptoms to watch for.

Nitrogen (N): This principal element is responsible for the salutary green foliage of the plants, as well as protein and chlorophyll development. Chlorophyll is the pigment that makes plants green and is a vital component in photosynthesis. Nitrogen moves well in the soil and leaches out rapidly, especially from sandy soils and in high rainfall areas or irrigated gardens. Plants use lots of nitrogen during the growing season, so it's commonly the most deficient element. If you add too much nitrogen, however, plants will have dark green, leafy growth but less root amelioration and delayed flowering and fruiting. Symptoms of nitrogen insufficiency contain slow growth and yellowing leaves, especially on older foliage. Animal manures, soybean meal, and cottonseed meal furnish high levels of nitrogen.

Phosphorous (P): Plants need phosphorous for strong root growth; fruit, stem and seed development; disease resistance; and general plant vigor. Phosphorous doesn't move in the soil as well as nitrogen does so you don't have to add it as frequently. Depending on where you live in the country, your soil may have plentifulness of phosphorous, but it may be unavailable to plants. Phosphorous availability depends on warm soil temperatures, pH range, and the levels of other nutrients, such as calcium and potassium, in the soil. insufficiency symptoms contain stunted plants with dark green foliage, reddish-purple stems or leaves, and fruits that drop early. Rock phosphate and bone meal are good sources of phosphorous.

Potassium (K): This nutrient, sometimes called potash, is principal for vigorous growth, disease resistance, fruit and vegetable flavor and development, and general plant function. Potassium breaks down moderately so you won't have to add it often. insufficiency symptoms contain yellow areas along the leaf veins and leaf edges, crinkled and rolled-up leaves, and dead twigs. Fruit trees may construct fruit with poor flavor or stunted fruits. definite animal manures and mineral fertilizers, such as greensand, add potassium to the soil.

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